What robbing is
Robbing happens when bees from one colony, or sometimes wasps, take honey from another. It is most likely when few flowers are producing nectar (a dearth), often in late summer and autumn. Weak colonies, new nucs and hives with large unguarded entrances are the usual targets. Severe robbing can empty a colony’s stores and may kill it.
Signs of robbing
- Fighting and grappling at the entrance.
- Many bees darting around the hive and trying to find a way in, rather than flying directly in with pollen or nectar.
- Bees hovering in front of the hive and edging around seams and cracks.
- Bits of wax at the entrance or damaged cappings on comb.
- Wasps or yellowjackets in large numbers.
Be careful not to confuse robbing with orientation flights, when young bees fly in front of the hive in a relaxed way, usually in the afternoon.
How a robbing screen works
A robbing screen is a mesh cover fitted over the hive entrance. It leaves a separate exit and entrance, often at the top or side. Robber bees tend to follow the scent of honey to the original entrance and keep trying to get in there, while the resident bees learn to use the new opening. Because the entrance is harder to find, robbers are slowed down and the colony has fewer places to defend.
Commercial designs vary, and some beekeepers build their own. Check the manufacturer’s instructions, as residents sometimes need a day or two to adapt.
When to install one
The best time is before robbing begins, when:
- a nectar flow is ending,
- you have a weak colony, nuc or split,
- you plan to feed, or open the hive during a dearth,
- you have seen early signs of robbing.
Installing it at the first sign is easier than stopping robbing once it is established.
Other ways to prevent robbing
- Reduce the entrance. An entrance reducer is often the first step and is simpler than a screen.
- Avoid spills. Do not leave syrup, honey or wet frames where bees can reach them.
- Limit time with the hive open. During a dearth, work quickly and close up promptly.
- Feed carefully. Many beekeepers prefer feeding in the evening and using internal feeders.
- Keep colonies strong. Combine or strengthen weak colonies.
If robbing has started
- Reduce the entrance right away.
- Some beekeepers drape a damp sheet over the hive to confuse the robbers, and others fit a screen. Follow what is recommended in local guidance.
- Do not open the hive more than needed.
- Consider moving a badly affected small colony if you have another location available, though this is an advanced step.
Robbing can overlap with other pest problems; see our overview of insects and animals that kill honey bees. Wasps are a related concern, and ants can also bother weak colonies; see ants in bee hives.
Robbing screen or entrance reducer?
A reducer limits how wide the opening is. A screen changes where and how bees enter. Many beekeepers start with a reducer and add a screen if robbing continues or if they know a dearth is coming. Keep ventilation in mind.
FAQ
When should I put a mouse guard on a beehive? Mouse guards are usually fitted in autumn, before mice look for winter shelter. Local timing varies.
How do I know if my hive is being robbed? Look for fighting, frantic darting at seams and a noisy entrance, especially in a dearth.